साथीच्या रोगांच्या, महामारीच्या लाटा का येतात

(आनंद मोरेंनी लाटा का येतात अशी पोस्ट केली, माझ्या परीने सोप्यात सांगायचा हा प्रयत्न (Disclaimer: I am not an expert and some of the information mentioned in the post below may be due to my inexperience/lack of proper understanding - so please do point-out any inaccuracy/mistakes).

काही संज्ञा आधी सांगतो:

• साथीचा आजार - Infectious Disease - जो आजार एक व्यक्ती कडून दुसऱ्या व्यक्तीला दिला जाऊ शकतो
• Pathogen - आजारा साठी कारण असलेले जिवाणू/विषाणू (Bacteria, Viruses and few others)
• साथ - आजार जो अगदी कमी कालावधीत खूप जास्त लोक आजारी / मृत्युमुखी पडतात. (note: साथ पसरत नसते, तर pathogens पसरत असतात)
• Epidemic - महामारी - आजारी लोकांचे प्रमाण एकाएकी अति प्रचंड प्रमाणात वाढणे
• Pandemic - World wide Epidemic - जागतिक महामारी
• Patient Zero (0) - जो पहिला आजारी पडला, पहिली व्यक्ती जिच्यात pathogen शिरला

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पृथ्वीवरचे सर्व जीव हे जगण्यासाठी एकमेकांवर अवलंबून असतात, parasites तर दुसऱ्या जीवांच्या आत मध्ये रहातात. Pathogens देखील असेच वेगवेगळ्या प्राण्यांच्या शरीरावर असतात. आपल्या त्वचेवर कित्येक जिवाणू रहात असतात, नवीन जिवाणू कायम येत असतात आणि हे एकमेकांशी मारामारी करून जगायचा प्रयत्न करत करतात, त्यात आपले शरीर देखील या जिवाणूशी “खेळत” असते, स्वतःला वाचवण्याकरिता किवा उपयोग करून घेण्याकरिता.

हे असेच जंगलातल्या प्राण्यांसोबत देखील कायम घडत असते, पण आपला त्यांच्याशी फारसा संबंध येत नाही/नसतो. कधीतरी असे होते की एखादा विषाणू, जो अशा एखाद्या प्राण्यावर आहे आणि त्यांचे ठीकठाक चालू आहे (म्हणजे त्या प्राण्याला काही त्रास नाही), तो प्राणी मनुष्याच्या संपर्कात येतो, बहुतांश वेळा त्यांना खाण्याकरिता पकडून आणले असल्यामुळे, कधी चावा घेतल्यामुळे, इत्यादि. हा विषाणू जर त्या मनुष्यासाठी हानिकारक असला, (ती व्यक्ती आजारी पडली वा मरण पावली), तर ही व्यक्ती Patient Zero.

हा पेशंट झीरो त्याला झालेला आजार त्याच्या संपर्कात आलेल्या लोकांना pass-on / बाधित करू शकतो. याचे विविध मार्ग असतात. Direct - ज्या मध्ये विषाणू शरीरातल्या द्रावावाटे वा हवेवाटे दुसऱ्याला जातात (शिंकणे, लाळ, सेक्स, etc.), आणि Indirect - मध्यस्था मार्फत - उदा. डास बाधित व्यक्तीला चावतो, त्याच्यातले विषाणू घेतो आणि दुसऱ्याला चावताना तिथे सोडतो (मुद्दाम नाही, आपोआप होते). पाण्यामार्गे - कॉलेरा, प्लेग - उंदरांमुळे नाही तर त्यांच्यावर राहणाऱ्या पिसवांमध्ये असलेल्या Yersinia pestis बॅक्टीरिया मुळे होतो.

आता आणखी काही संज्ञा, या महत्वाच्या आहेत (SIR), कुठल्या ही साथीत लोकांना या तीन category पैकी एकात ठेवता येते:

• Susceptible (S) - आजार होऊ शकणारी व्यक्ती
• Infected (I) - अशी व्यक्ती जिला सध्या आजार झालेला आहे
• Removed (R) - आजारातून बरी झालेली आणि त्यातून रोग प्रतिकारशक्ती (immunity) मिळालेली, Vaccine / लस घेऊन रोग प्रतिकारशक्ती तयार केलेली, आणि मरण पावलेली व्यक्ती

Population मध्ये किती Susceptible आहेत त्यावर एखादा आजार किती पसरू शकतो हे ठरते. उदा. AIDS/HIV हा नवीन आजार जेव्हा आला, तेव्हा सर्व जगच Susceptible होते. पोलिओचा विषाणू समजा एखाद्या ठिकाणी कसा तरी आला तरी त्याला Susceptible population मिळणार नाही कारण सगळे Removed (प्रत्येकानी लस घेतलेली असते) असणार आहेत आणि त्यामुळे पोलिओ पसरणार नाही

Patient Zero / आजार - एक व्यक्ती किती लोकांना पसरवू शकते, किती दिवस प्रसार करण्यालायक असते आणि किती वेळात पसरवते (खूप कमी किंवा खूप जास्त) यावर याचे साथीत रूपांतर होते की नाही हे ठरते.

उदा. Seasonal Influenza/Flu (सर्दी) - विषाणू शरीरात शिरल्यावर फार तर एखाद दिवसांतच वाढू लागतो, १-२ दिवसच व्यक्ती दुसऱ्यांना infect करू शकते, आणि Immune system विषाणूला लगेच संपवते. हा आजार खूप वेगाने पसरतो, पण खूप जास्त लोकांना झाल्यामुळे Susceptible लोक कमी होऊ लागतात आणि यांची साथ संपते.

दुसरे उदाहरण, इबोला, या विषाणू ची लागण झाल्यावर २ दिवस ते ३ आठवडे एवढा मोठा काल लक्षण दिसण्यास लागतात, मात्र याचा मृत्यूदर अतिशय जास्त आहेत २५% ते ९०% - अॅवरेज ५०%. पण असे जे आजार असतात ज्यात अति भयानक त्रास, लक्षणे, आणि मृत्यू असतात, ती लोक बाहेर फिरुच शकत नाहीत, Susceptible भरपूर असले तरी त्यांच्या पर्यन्त पोहोचू शकत नाही. त्यामुळे देखील अशा साठी लवकर आटोक्यात येतात. Host (infected person) मारणारा विषाणू जास्त पसरु शकत नाही.

आता आपण या पोस्ट च्या मूळ गाभ्याकडे वळू, लाटा का येतात. त्या आधी त्यांना लाटा का म्हणतात हे देखील समजून घेऊ यात, जर दर दिवसाला सापडणाऱ्या नवीन केसेस (आकडा) Y-axis वर आणि X-axis वर काळ / period याचा चार्ट काढला तर तो इमेज मध्ये आहे तसा दिसतो, हे चार्ट लाटांसारखे दिसतात.

(Image credit: https://www.cdc.gov/.../1918-commemoration/three-waves.htm)

(Image Credit: https://www.pnas.org/content/113/46/12899

)

परत काही संज्ञा:

• Seasonality: हवामानाचा आजारावर/विषाणू वर होणारा परिणाम. फ्लू हा समशीतोष्ण प्रदेशांमध्ये (temperate climate zones) थंडी मध्ये जेव्हा तिथली आर्द्रता कमी होते तेव्हा पसरतो. तसेच उन्हाळ्या मध्ये डास वाढले की मलेरिया वाढतो.
• Cycles: केसेस वाढणे आणि कमी होणे हे परत परत किती वेळा होते.

(HIV, TB सारखे आजार आहेत त्यांच्यावर Seasonality चा फरक पडत नाही, हे आजार आता कायम एका constant range मध्ये असतात. यांच्या cycles नसतात)

दर थंडी मध्ये फ्लू चा वायरस रूप बदलून (mutation/variant) येतो, आपल्याला आधी फ्लू होऊन गेला असेल आणि त्याची immunity जरी असेल तरी या नवीन रूपाला आपण तोंड देऊ शकत नाही आणि आजारी पडतो, म्हणजेच Susceptible नेहेमी उपलब्ध असतात त्यामुळे दर वर्षी फ्लू ची साथ/लाट येतच रहाते.

कॉलेरा देखील असाच, हा पाण्यातून पसरतो. जिथे पिण्याचे पाणी या जिवाणू मुळे दूषित होते तिथले लोक आजारी पडतात. पूर्वी नदी चे पाणी प्यायले जायचे, त्यामुळे वर कुठे कॉलेरा झाला तर खालील गावांमध्ये देखील पसरत असे. बांगलादेश मध्ये कॉलेरा वर्षातून दोनदा येतो (two cycles), पहिली येते spring मध्ये जेव्हा हिमालयातील बर्फ वितळून पाणी वाढते आणि पसरते. आणि दुसरी येते मॉन्सून चा जोर कमी झाल्यावर आणि नद्यांचे पाणी ओसरू लागल्यावर. कॉलेरा ची immunity जास्त महीने टिकत नाही, त्यामुळे परत परत होत राहतो. गरीब देशांमध्ये याचे प्रमाण जास्त आहे, सांडपाणी व्यवस्थापन नसल्या मुळे.

गोवर (Measles) ची लाट/साथ (Europe मध्ये) मात्र दोन वर्षांनी येते, हे जरा विचित्र वाटते. गोवर ची लस सगळ्यांना दिली गेलेली असते, दोनदा घ्यावी लागते. महायुद्धा नंतर यूरोप मधला जन्मदर (birth rate) हा वर्षाला साधारण २०% पर्यन्त खाली आला. वर सांगितल्या प्रमाणे साथ पसरण्यासाठी Susceptible population एका ठराविक threshold च्या वर असावे लागते, पण vaccines मुळे Removed जास्त असतात, तिथे या २०% जन्मदरामुळे दोन वर्षात साधारण 44% नवीन Susceptible येतात. आणि मग यांची साथ पसरते आणि लाट येते. त्यातही ही लाट जर सुटी च्या कालावधी मध्ये असेल तर कमी येते आणि शाळा चालू असताना आली तर मोठी. फ्लू पसरण्यास देखील तिकडच्या शाळांचे Autumn मध्ये सुरू होणे, थंडी मुळे लोक indoor जास्त काळ एकत्र असणे कारणीभूत ठरते.

पश्चिम आफ्रिकेत गोवर ची लाट पावसाळी हवामानात येत नाही, तर तेथील कमी आर्द्रतेच्या, खरे तर कमी पावसाच्या/कोरड्या काळात येते, याचे कारण मात्र थेट हवामान नाही, तर पावसात कामे कमी असतात म्हणून लोक आपापल्या गावी/खेड्यात पसरलेले असतात आणि पाऊस संपला की शहरी भागांकडे गर्दीत येतात आणि लाट सुरू होते.

जेव्हा लाट ओसरलेली असते तेव्हा pathogen संपलेला नसतो, शून्य (0) नसतो, तो लोकांमध्ये असतोच पण पसरण्याचा वेग अतिशय कमी असतो.

आता शेवटचे उदाहरण, देवी, कोणाला आठवते आहे? या आजारचे आपण पूर्ण उच्चाटन केले आहे, शेवटचा virus देखील मारून टाकलेला आहे, त्यामुळे हा परत येणार नाही, बऱ्याच देशांनी यांची लस देणे देखील बंद केले आहे. पोलिओचे देखील असेच करायचे आहे, पाक-अफगाण सीमेवर आणि आफ्रिकेतल्या एक दोन छोट्या देशांमध्ये लस देण्याला टोळ्या / अतिरेकी विरोध करतात यामुळे सर्व जगाला पोलिओ ची लस घ्यावीच लागते.

आणि आता कोरोना / कोविड-19, हा अगदी नवीन आजार आहे, परत पूर्ण जग Susceptible आहे, आणि काही तासांत हा विषाणू एका देशातून दुसऱ्या देशांत पोहोचू शकतो (विमान प्रवास), यांची प्रसार क्षमता खूप जास्त आहे, याला देखील seasonality आहे. Covid-19 येवढा धोकादायक नसला (low death rate) तरी कुठल्याही देशाचे medical infrastructure हाताळू शकणार नाही इतक्या प्रमाणात पेशंट ना हॉस्पिटल मध्ये भरती करावे लागत आहे. ऑक्सिजन , ventilator देखील या प्रमाणात कोणी तयारी करून ठेवत नाहीत. जो पर्यन्त जास्तीत जास्त लसीकरण होत नाही तो पर्यन्त या आजाराच्या लाटा येतंच राहणार. त्यानंतर कदाचित* मग हा seasonal फ्लू सारखा होऊन जाईल.

आणखी काही माहिती: दुसरी लाट पहिली पेक्षा मोठी असते, याचे कारण pathogen पहिल्यांदा जगभर पसरायला वेळ लागतो तर दुसऱ्या लाटेत तो सगळीकडे असतो. तसेच पहिली लाट Seasonality प्रमाणे कधी सुरू झाली होती हे सुद्धा एक कारण असते.

* कदाचित - या बद्दल नंतर कधीतरी.

#MANE_VIRUS_COVID_19 141 Why Waves - लाटा का येतात

Wear Double Masks, Stay Home, Stay Safe

© Virendra Mane, Pune, 2021+

First published on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/virendra.mane/posts/10218342784951991

Herd Immunity and Opening Up Dilemma

Understanding Herd Immunity and Dilemma of Opening up Economy

 (Post dated 22 April 2020, data and percentages are as per information available then)

देश पूर्ण लॉक-डाऊन होऊन आता महिना होत आलाय, कोरोना वायरस च्या केसेस वाढतच चाललेल्या आहेत, आपला वाढीचा दर कमी दिसतोय तरी, exponential नाही पण compounding (!) आहे जो त्यातल्या त्यात कमी वाईट.

सगळी इकनॉमिक अॅक्टिविटी बंद असल्या मुळे एक खूप मोठा वर्ग, कदाचित देशाची majority of the population, हा सर्वात जास्त affected आहे, रोजंदारीवर काम करणारे आणि त्यांचे कुटुंब यांचे काम आणि मिळणारा पोट भरण्यासाठीचा पैसा थांबलाय.

त्यानंतर नोकऱ्या असणारा मध्यम - उच्च मध्यमवर्ग, अजून तरी ठीक परिस्थितीत आहे, सरकारी नियमांमुळे पगार व नोकऱ्या आहेत, काही कंपन्या, भामटे, लोकांना काढत आहेत, पण अजून या वर्गाला तशी झळ नाही पोचलेली.

आणि मग श्रीमंत/मोठे व्यावसायीक ज्यांचे बिझनेस इन्कम थांबले/कमी झाले आहे पण खर्च चालू आहेत. ह्यांचा त्रास वेगळ्या प्रकारचा आहे, नुकसान भरपूर होत आहे, worst case scenario मध्ये हे बिझनेस बंद करून हात वर करू शकतात.

वरचे ढोबळ वर्गीकरण आहे, पोस्टचा उद्देश वेगळा आहे त्यामुळे मी सोपे ठेवायचा प्रयत्न करत आहेत. प्रत्येक वर्गाची झळ सोसण्याची capacity वेगवेगळी आहे, श्रीमंताना वैद्यकीय उपचार मिळतील पण त्याचं बिझनेस उद्ध्वस्त होऊ शकतो तर सर्वात गरीब सरळ उपाशी सुद्धा मरू शकतो / मरतोय. आणि हे वेगवेगळ्या intensity ने जगभर चालू आहे. त्यामुळे आपल्या कानावर सध्या एक बरेच पडतेय की economy चालू करा, सगळ्यांना ‘नॉर्मल’ कामे सुरू करू द्या, बहुतेकांना इन्फेक्शन होईल आणि Herd Immunity तयार होऊन वायरसचा संहार कमी होईल किवा थांबेल.

Herd Immunity दोन प्रकारे तयार करता येते:

1. Mass Vaccinations - ideally of entire population, practically at-least 65%-75%
2. प्रत्येकाला वायरसची लागण होत होत सर्वांपर्यन्त पसरून आणि प्रत्येकाने नीट होऊन (किवा #मरून)

Vaccine यायला साधारण दीड ते दोन वर्षे लागू शकतील असे मानले जात आहे. त्यामुळे उरतो तो दूसरा आणि एकमेव मार्ग, प्रत्येकाने इनफेक्ट होणे; बाहेर गर्दीत पडलो की आज ना उद्या प्रत्येकाला होणार आहे, ह्या वायरसची प्रसार क्षमता त्याच्या मारक क्षमतेपेक्षा खूप जास्त आहे.

बहुतेक काम करणारा वर्ग, तरूण आणि विद्यार्थी यांना तसा भयानक धोका नाही, जवळ जवळ 80% लोकांना काही symptoms सुद्धा नसतात, आपले शरीर infect होते आणि वायरसला मारून immunity मिळवते. आणि उरलेल्या 20% किवा अजून कमी लोकांना symptoms दिसतात आणि death rate देखील खूप कमी आहे, जरी नक्की आकडा अजून समजत नसला आणि वेगवेगळ्या भागात वेगवेगळी टक्केवारी दिसतेय तरी इतर काही वायरस कोरोना पेक्षा जास्त वाईट आहेत/होते.

मग जर मृत्युदर कमी असेल तर घाबरायचे का असा एक सुर असतो, आणि पुढचे, थोड्या लोकांची कुर्बानी गेली तर काय हरकत आहे जगा-करिता असे विचारले / बोलले जाते - पण प्रत्येकाचा त्यामागचा उद्देश वेगळा असतो - गरीब म्हणेल की माझ्या पोरांना खायला तरी मिळेल, मध्यमवर्ग त्यांचे कर्जाचे हप्ते सुटतील आणि बरी लाइफस्टाईल चालू ठेऊ शकेल आणि बिझनेस - नुकसान टळेल किवा फायदा होईल. हे वरवर सोपे, उपयोगी आणि लॉजिकल वाटते.

पण गोची अशी आहे की आपला मेंदू, खूप मोठे आकार, आकडे, काळ विचार करण्यात evolve झालेला नाही. एवरेस्ट किती उंच असेल, किवा 10,000 वर्षे म्हणजे नक्की किती, किवा Human brain, $ 2.5 billion म्हणजे किती आणि त्यांचे आपण काय करू शकतो याचा विचार करायचा प्रयत्न करा फक्त. (मध्येच थोडे digress झालो

)

तर भारतात Herd Immunity करायची झाली आणि त्यातले किती मरतील याचा एक अंदाज बांधायचा प्रयत्न करू:

आपली लोकसंख्या: 135 crore (1.35 billion)

• साधारण 70% इनफेक्ट*: 94.5 crore (945 million)
• @ मृत्युदर 5%*: 4.75 crore
• @ मृत्युदर 2%*: 1.9 crore

(*This is just an approximation used as an example, I have assumed the numbers 70%, 5%, 2%, these could vary as there is no accurate information available for the spreading speed of the SARS-COV2 Virus as well as time horizon for availability of a vaccine and eventual mass vaccination completion).

अजूनही हे मृत्यूचे आकडे डोक्यात नाही शिरत ना? नाही, कारण ते अवघड आहे. त्याच्या पुढची भयाण fact म्हणजे हे मृत्यू अगदी थोड्या कालावधीत होतील/होऊ-शकतील - काही आठवडे ते काही महीने फक्त!

हे आकडे एव्हढे मोठे आहेत की आपणच काय, जगातला कुठलाही देश या पेशंट वर उपचार एकाच वेळी नाही करू शकत, हॉस्पिटल ओसंडून वाहतील, कोणाला उपचार द्यायचे आणि कोणाला नाही हा अतिशय वाईट निर्णय घ्यावा लागेल (इटली मध्ये काही ठिकाणी नाईलाजाने वृद्धांचे उपचार (ventilators) तरूण पेशंट करता थांबवावे लागले). डॉक्टर आणि इतर कर्मचारी इनफेक्ट होतील, त्याने आरोग्यव्यवस्थेवर अजून ताण येईल, स्मशानभूमी अविरत चालू रहातील, धुराची नळकांडी (smoke plumes) आकाशात दिसत रहातील.

सरकारने लॉक डाऊन केला आहे तो या वायरसचा प्रसार थांबवण्याकरीता / हळू होण्याकरिता. कामे सुरू झाली की परत infection सुरू होतील/वाढतील.

तर मग याच्यावर solution काय? माझ्याकडे नाहीये उत्तर, अमेरिके-सारख्या देशाकडे देखील नाहीये. Vaccine येई पर्यन्त बहुतेक काम सुरू - बंद - लॉक-डाऊन असे प्रकार एका पेक्षा जास्त वेळा करावे लागतील. There is NO “one size fits all” solution, प्रत्येकाला ट्रायल-एरर पद्धतीने ठेचा खात पुढे जावा लागणार आहे.

यात आपण स्वतः काय करू शकतो? तर आता जे स्वच्छतेचे, मास्क घालण्याचे उगा बाहेर न फिरण्याचे उपाय आहेत ते अवलंबावे लागणार आहेत, बऱ्याच मोठ्या काळा साठी.

आपण करू शकू हे, सध्या थोडे जसे हवे तसे होत नाहीये, पण होईल, लोकांना जाण येईल, स्वतः समजून घ्या आणि इतरांनाही सांगा.

(मी या पोस्ट जास्तीत जास्त लोकांपर्यंत माहिती सोप्या भाषेत पोहोचवण्यासाठी लिहितोय, कारण आजूबाजूला दिसतेय की लोकांना खरेच नीटसे माहीत नाहीये - काहींना उपयोग झाला तर ठीकच आहे)

#MANE_VIRUS_COVID_19 - 46 Herd Immunity and opening up dilemma

Stay Home Stay Safe

© Virendra Mane, Pune, 2020+ First published on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/virendra.mane/posts/10215890141757444

Dyslexic's Diary PAGE_7 - Drawing and Visualization

Back from festive holidays. Hope you all had a good time.

Previously, I have talked about how certain subjects, those depending on written language, long  descriptive sentences, rote memorization, were difficult for me. There were other subjects like say Drawing, Science, Geometry, Geography those I came naturally, I would rather explain problem-solutions by drawing than writing or speaking. I used to sketch weird things since early childhood, probably ideas that I used to keep thinking up on. Pappa used to look at my fingers and say you would become an artist when you grow up. Though drawing was only good enough for conveying my message but the sketches were definitely not beautiful, my drawing class notebook used to have a funny element to them, which luckily my teacher liked - but I sucked in coloring and my friends used to point that out - that after doing a good work I mess up with colors.

I appeared for Elementary exam (I guess 6th or 7th std) , after finishing my paper, the examiner asked me to draw for girl sitting behind me. I didn’t pass that but the girl did!

Pictures helped me understand much faster, Science, Geography and Geometry have those a lot and hence were the subjects I liked and could do well in.

Another aspect is I “think” in pictures (this is also part of various learning styles which I will write about later in the series). Not only still pictures, but I can manipulate those images in my head, rotate, invert, mirror, transform and modify. That’s really a very powerful gift that was found to be useful much later; firstly, in Jr College with Calculus, Organic Chemistry, Physics, Biology to a certain degree but most critically in Engineering.

First year of Engineering had two Engineering Drawing subjects, D1 and D2 as we used to call them - the most dreaded ones after Applied Mechanics for most of the students. I used to hear stories of difficulty levels from seniors, cousins, etc. and how certain submissions can NOT be done and a thing called GT (Glass Tracing) was a must. GT involves taking a bucket, with a 40 watt light bulb in it, covered with a large glass sheet/panel, then taking completed drawing submission by someone good and placing over the glass and then placing your blank sheet and trace out the lines exactly - it’s like a manual line photocopy.

I NEVER needed that!

I had missed a few initial lectures of D1 (probably ill) so lagged and somehow managed to pass the exam. Also, was definitely not among the favorites of the professors too.

In the second semester, with D2, which involved complex 3D drawing, with Top, Side, Front views, perspective, birds eye, missing view, development of surfaces and I could go on. I know many who were simply terrified by D2 but it was ultra simple for me. All the things listed were simply transformations which I could perform in my head and have a general idea of the solution and then it was simply penciling on paper with exact dimensions.

Still wasn’t noticed by the professors (Nakhate and Dingare). Once they conducted a mid-sem surprize test, it was difficult I guess, I think I was the first one to leave the room. I gave the answer sheets to the profs, they looked at each other and one exclaimed in a sarcastically “झेपला नाही का ?” (“was it difficult?”); though I felt sad by the prejudiced comment, I politely said, “No, I have completed it”. With a rather surprised look, they checked the solutions and then asked “Did you know the questions already?” I said “No” and left. That incident actually acted as a positive reinforcement, I realized that what I was thinking about myself being different (and at-times being way better at something than others) was true. That day onwards the profs’ behaviour towards me changed :)

In the final exam of D2, there was one problem, with a twist and was very difficult for me to solve; I solved it but with just a few minutes left to the final bell (and I out of low-confidence), I showed it to our class topper who was in row next to me, his facial expressions changed and I realized he had missed it. I think I got pretty high marks, probably within the top few, something to be proud academically - which was not usual for me.

This special ability helped me in other so called “difficult” subjects like Applied Mechanics, Strength of Materials, which involved application of science of motion, strength, to various situations, objects, materials, structures. The visualization ability enabled me to “SEE” forces, torques, velocities in action - which was kind of hard to tell others but helped me solving problems.

There was one incident which I haven’t yet forgotten. Based on on Applied Mechanics, I was conducting a thought experiment. What would happen when a bullet is shot from the back of the aeroplane in exact opposite direction with exact same speed of the aeroplane. I asked and told friends/room-mates that it would fall straight down (vertically). No one believed and I was mocked/teased and a few also joked behind my back :( (one well-wisher told me that). I could not convince friends in-spite of using simple equations. That hurt me a lot then - the fact that I am still writing about it shows how much. Many years later, I accidentally came across an experiment conducted by myth-busters about same concept, it proved I was right. (I even posted about it here - https://www.facebook.com/virendra.mane/posts/10206581610649984). The fact that Mythbusters had to take this up was it must have been a much talked about puzzle to be proved practically.

This all gets extended towards my interests in (Astro) Physics, Cosmology; Theory of Relativity is extremely difficult to visualize though that 2D trampoline with heavy ball curving “space” is what people think is what actually happens, but it is way more complex than that - I think I have been able to visualize it with very intense brain efforts a few times - after understanding myself I don’t think about it again - and frankly it's impossible for me to explain in words to others.

Today when I look back, this visualization ability has been a boon to me, in my academics, career (programming), business and general life. Though I still feel under/un-appreciated I am coping with it much better now.

If you see someone like this, do talk to her/him and try to give a conducive environment to do better in.

I am always available for sharing my experience and be of assistance in some way

(Sharing to create awareness about Specific Learning Difficulties (#Dyslexia, #Dysgraphia, #Dyscalculia) and a bit of #ADD / #ADHD, hope it helps if you see someone with similar traits)

🙏Viru

Dyslexic's Diary PAGE_6 - Response to my blog posts

My past 4 posts which mostly shared my childhood experiences have resulted in a big response. I am getting messages from similar people, parents, teachers as well as a few children.

Each of them have urged me to share more, which I shall continue doing. I will eventually write about real life situations of others whose stories I know due to being close friends/relatives.

A small example how sharing helps; the school teacher who had supported my different way (when dyslexia was not known) was in Pune in summer. We met and I talked about how his support helped me then and how I realized I was this after Tare Jamin Par, my teacher said he too was different and he was fortunate to get a teacher who similarly helped him. And then we kept on talking for next 3 odd hours about we saw world, things, processes, and how being different was actually a strength.

Growing up with dyslexia creates a severe shame in minds of children, so at times my post / examples may seem like self pity or boastful - but they are not. I am an happy individual and have done much more than anyone would have thought about me when I was little.

🙏वीरू

Dyslexic's Diary PAGE_5 - Few resources for parents and teachers

Dyslexia is a lifelong companion, hence my diary has potentially unlimited number of pages. Today, I am going to share a series of short clips. I hope these would help teachers and parents understand it better and spot a child early.

1. Dyslexics Intro https://youtu.be/8-M9uEYzDAQ
2. About Dyslexia https://youtu.be/DgHDQeZ5QuA
3. Dyslexic Strengths https://youtu.be/d4VRjQnBoWM
4. Dyslexic Challenges https://youtu.be/_t9IsQQH7WI
5. Inclusive Classrooms https://youtu.be/NdrBpOV67DY
6. Identification https://youtu.be/xOI78tkN0rQ
7. Richard Branson (Virgin Atlantic) shares his thoughts https://youtu.be/-OZyXZ__5TU

No two Dyslexic children are going to be alike, not all of them will have same strengths or challenges, each of the child will have a different response and coping mechanism.

So while Dyslexia is a "Gift" and the narrative of many greats being Dyslexic, don't expect "your" child, having this condition, to be doing something great. Expecting itself is NOT a good idea in my opinion for any child.

Let the child do what s/he wants, be around, understand and support. Know that there would be obstacles on the way, help him/her climb those.

Dyslexic's Diary PAGE_4 - Language versus subjects those can be visualized

As mentioned in the previous post, language subjects were a problem in school, especially grammar and certain spellings. Currently, I only know a bit of nouns and adjectives, whatever I learned by brute force somehow then have forgotten all.

Spellings like Sweat/Sweet confused me and thought both to be the same, always felt ‘hight’ was the correct one for ‘height’; recieve, percieve, and such were other ones which involved ‘ie’-‘ei’ inversion.

I hated reading aloud when asked to do so in class, I used to be afraid so I adapted to somehow read in a slow monotonous style; that still continues. Some teachers had made negative remark but it didn’t affect me as very few in the class read well. At home Pappa used to say reading aloud helps in remembering, which I never followed.

Like, reading, writing was bad, I mean not just handwriting, but essay writing - I simply couldn’t write page after page of “what if I were PM” and similar things by imagining. When I tried to improvise by writing something funny it was discouraged / non-appreciated by teachers (the writing style that I have today).

Until 5th standard, I before semester exams I used to invariably fall ill and miss a few papers, many times I was made to write those papers, during the holidays. I think I had fear for exams then, though it (falling ill) subsided afterwards. Then I started getting light fever after last paper of important exams.

Later, in my career, I developed my own style of writing, especially professional documents and mails. My (foreign) bosses/clients appreciated that several times, explicitly saying how my mails convey precise message in the least amount of words, or how the documents are crystal clear in explaining things. Computes, word processors have been the best thing in my life - now I don’t have to worry about spelling and handwriting.

I got to know much later that I probably have Dyslexia (reading difficulty), Dysgraphia (writing difficulty) as well as Dyscalculia (maths difficulty) of mild nature though.

While struggling with these subjects, others in which visualization was possible (science, geography, etc.) was bit easy, saying ‘a bit easy’ because our general academic structure is focused towards remembering things (definitions, names, places, etc.) and not ‘doing/trying’ hands-on.

After learning about the basic structure of atoms, as well as knowing about light being comprised of different colours. I clearly remember sitting under a mango tree in our plot, and pondering what might be happening at the level of atoms when light strikes them and is reflected - what exactly is a colour of a material as all the atoms and molecules are comprised of the same particles. Didn’t get an answer though, not a genius ;)

I mentioned about an astronomy book in earlier posts, it had talked about Black Holes and how it bends light. One of the drawings to explain light was similar to what the lens diagrams in 6-7th standard. It showed one star appearing as two due to a black hole in front of it. In the 90s, there was no internet and Hubble Telescope was just launched but had its own lens problems being corrected. I too was focusing on engineering and career/job while still having that diagram in the back of my mind and wondered something different should be visible instead of two stars. So after one such ‘intense’ thought experiment session I scribbled (in my Palm Pilot in 1998 or so) something I thought should be observed.

Attached is the screen-shot of that note I have in Computer-Outlook synced to Phone, it says ‘the star should look like a ring or with a dim center’ - I was a bit wrong, such perfect alignments or Star - Black Hole - Earth’ are difficult/near impossible, but they actually happen on a larger scale - my understanding was limited then.


The effect is called as Einstein's Ring - first was observed only in 1988. I was very excited when I came across the photos over the internet after I revived my cosmology/astro-physics interest. (PS: That date in the note of 7 Feb 2011 was due to a data migration error when I switch to a new phone!)

Gravitationally lensed galaxy SDP.81

taken by ALMA By ALMA, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39499557

The dark center is due to a foreground massive galaxy which is NOT visible in this wavelength.

Similarly, the images below show other such rings with central foreground galaxies (having same gravitational effect as black holes).

Some observed Einstein rings by SLACS:
By NASA - https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2005/news-2005-32.html, 
Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=34045368

Solutions used to (even now do) play like a video in my mind, it is sometimes difficult to understand except for people who have such learning/thinking styles. Another instance I remember was from my Sr. Kg/1st std time (I remember the age because I know where I lived then, hence can deduce the approx years). Pappa had brought a salt shaker (probably novelty then), the salt was not used to be refined then, and during monsoon lumps used to form inside. Parents used to open and break them. I suggested them to empty half of the shaker and put a marble inside, so whenever it is shaken the marble would break the lumps and it worked.

To be continued...

Viru

Dyslexic's Diary PAGE_3 - Being “Different / वेगळा” continued

[For people who don’t know me - I did my engineering (Computer Science) from MIT Pune, was in the US for a few years, returned home by choice and started business, running the company for 20 years now, have worked in extremely complex systems, have few patents. And I believe I am fortunate to get here]

In Sixth standard, I failed in Math in the first unit test of the year, got 6 / 20. Aai was pretty angry and scolded me a lot. She then found a teacher to give me private tuition, I hated those i) kids usually don’t like teachers coming home ii) it reduced my play time. Anyway, it did not change anything, I continued to struggle, mostly in Arithmetic/Algebra.

• As mentioned in previous post, memorizing tables was difficult so I found a trick, started doing additions in the background while saying the tables aloud.
• Multiplications, started doing approximations, or some other shortcuts - say, for 16x12 = 160+32 or 17x9 = 170 - 17, etc.
• Subtractions and Divisions were horror then and are even now

In Ninth standard, Raju (Rajiv Binwade) moved to Shrirampur and became my best friend for life. Once he saw me struggling with fraction multiplication, that 6/7 * 8/3, I thought it was done like (7*8)/(6*3), I still vividly remember surprise on Raju’s face. He took me aside and taught me how to do that - remember that was 9th std.

While working on squares, I saw a pattern and came up with pretty easy way of finding square of 2 digit numbers. See the image on right.
I didn’t share this with math teacher though, didn’t have confidence, probably didn't even share with friends, instead talked to Makwana sir who had been supporting me since 8th, he appreciated and told me to come and talk to him for any such things. 

There’s nothing great in this method, it’s just (a+b)^2 = a^2 + b^2 + 2ab, which I realized later while showing this to my kids when they were doing squares.

Glad that calculators are handy these days!

***Note: Govt has many provisions for children with SpLDs and allowing the use of calculators in exams is one of them***

I did not study well, rather did not know how to study in a structured manner. Don’t remember what I did but do remember watching the complete test match against Pakistan just a few days prior to board exams, we lost by a tiny margin, Sunil Gavaskar played great and got out on 96 in last innings chasing.

I have included my SSC mark-list in the pictures, check the marks. I would like to parents to look at their own mark-lists and see what they are doing now in 40s and how much of it is due to those high/low marks, and/or are they doing what they planned/dreamed they would be doing in the future. I do not want to preach about the marks, but would like to suggest to the parents, who feel their child is not like others and are expecting/pushing her/him to do-better/excel by working ‘harder’, to exercise caution, reduce expectations and listen to the child. All the child wants/needs is appreciation and acceptance from parents. Just try to read the faces of children when they are telling the exam results.

Well, after getting to 11th, something inside me changed, I started liking the subjects, may be because History, and language grammar wasn’t there. More importantly the subjects started coming closer to my abilities of visualizing, may be not all - inorganic chemistry was still not so easy. Calculus, Physics, Biology, Organic Chemistry were extremely simple and I started spending some time daily (not more than 2-3 hours) after college solving problems.

To be continued...

Dyslexics Diary PAGE_2 - Being Different / वेगळा

(Writing to create awareness about Specific Learning Difficulties (Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Dyscalculia) and a bit of ADD / ADHD, hope it helps if you see someone with similar traits)

Over the last few years, when I meet old friends one thing that I hear often  is some saying “वीरू वेगळा होता”, Raju, Sujit, Atul, Harsha, Makawana Sir, Shrenik, Kamy, Gautya, and many others have said so. Though it feels good to hear that now, growing with the feeling of being different was not so pleasant/comfortable. I have said a few times that I don’t have many good memories of school days and it's probably the reason.

I had a pretty normal childhood, was all fun and play like most privileged kids. Till 7th - 8th I used to play with other children of similar age, games like marbles (गोट्या), टिक्के, गज-गज, hide and seek, chess and other board games, etc. No cricket though for some reason (which I love).

Since early years I had preferred playing alone more, in mud, doing stuff like baking miniature bricks, building mud homes, dams, rivers, making furnace, playing with fire - boiling/burning various items, experimenting with cement concrete, learning the mixture of water, sand, planing electricity distribution but poles made from खराटा sticks and wires from strings. Made a circus tent with movable characters (by strings), a work in progress, but was destroyed by neighboring kid.

In around 1st std, I had designed a railway that could run using steam, also had designed people (robots) who could walk. Had a notebook maintained with wheel diameter, rail track width (that notebook got thrown away:(). All to be made from metal sheet (पत्रा), I was after Pappa to get me a mini-welding machine. Had tickets made, routes and stations decided - and drawn on शहाबाद floor with Pop’s ink pen. Also had decided to get it inaugurated by Indira Gandhi and dreamt of a photo in the newspaper. Of course most of it was childish, and my Pop always said he will get the welding machine ‘next time’.

The fact was I could visualize all these ideas, designs, movements of parts, forces, and a lot in my mind but didn't or couldn’t express/speak to others. I could/can see solutions, in motion, manipulate objects/processes in mind (AND I AM NOT CRAZY!).

I also liked opening things to see how they worked, the toy camera in the attached photo was probably one of the first that I remember, I didn’t want to break it open myself so once when Pappa was taking a nap, I placed it near his hand, so that when it moved the camera would fall and break. Had to repeat that a few times and then blamed Pop for breaking but was happy to see how the film was and how it moved and enlarged via the lenses.

I enjoyed reading a lot (I am not ‘dyslexic’ per se or could be on milder side), I had a liking of science, more of Physics and Astronomy. Being in a small town had its own problems - availability of books. There was this one book on astro-physics in town library which was only read by me. The library folks then made an exception and let me keep it for a long time and issued other books as well.

In mid-late teens I became a fan of Dr. Narendra Dabholkar and ANS (अंधश्रद्धा निर्मूलन समिती) - so his followers know what one faces in society. I was fortunate that my parents didn’t oppose me about my thoughts.

But there was a problem when it came to certain academics aspects, I couldn’t do math quickly, couldn’t memorize tables after 6/7, rote/learning by heart was nearly impossible, remembering dates and relations in history was terrifying - I used to get taunted sometimes for these and sometimes totally ignored. In 6th std, I had failed a math unit test and had attempted to cheat by taking a piece of paper with a 3 line definition of some geography lesson (didn't use it for another reason).

There were a few teachers who liked me and for many I was non-existent. In 10th (HSC) I had severe doubts about being able to pass in History and English.

All this had started making me an introvert; I used to get frustrated/irritated when others didn’t get such a simple thing I was telling/talking about.

To be continued...

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Some of the crazy things I did:

1. Making electromagnet by winding copper wire around core extracted from Tube light choke and inserting the terminals directly into socket - was lucky to have not died, the home main fuse burnt. I was saved as the copper wire had enamel which I knew nothing about then
2. Trying to make “neon” light by trapping kerosene ‘gas’ in a glass bottle and trying to pass A/C current through it. (could have exploded if there had been a spark)
3. Being curious about a plastic cap behind TV’s voltage stabilizer and opened it to find a springy shiny thing - which I pressed - and later realized I was 3-4 feet away from the TV, don’t remember how! (It was actually a live fuse)
4. Made a pinhole camera in 7th (first image below), and followed up by a pretty neat, compact B/W film camera which had shutter (rubber band powered), viewfinder, roll forwarding mechanism, a tiny window to see the number on the negative (yes, negatives had numbers printed on them), had a dark room, photo developing solutions and all - it was all hands on learning - so the initial efforts failed and then I moved on to other things, like Electronics